D. R. Snydman, L. A. McDermott, C. M. Thorpe, E. J. C. Goldstein, A. N. Schuetz, S. Johnson, D. N. Gerding, L. Gluck, D. Bourdas, K. C. Carroll, C. K. Lancaster, K. W. Garey, Q. Wang, S. T. Walk, E. Duperchy

HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is a major challenge to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. Global efforts in addressing HIVDR require clear, transparent, and replicable reporting in HIVDR studies. We describe the rationale and recommended use of a checklist that should be included in reports of HIVDR incidence and prevalence. After preliminary consultations with experts on HIVDR and establishing the need for guidance on HIVDR reporting, we used a sequential, explanatory, mixed methods approach to create the checklist; together with the accompanying articles, the checklist was reviewed by the authors and validated externally. The checklist for studies on HIVDR prevalence or incidence (CEDRIC-HIV) includes 15 recommended items that would enhance transparency and facilitate interpretation, comparability, and replicability of HIVDR studies. CEDRIC-HIV will help authors of HIVDR studies prepare research reports and assist reviewers and editors in assessments of completeness of reporting. The checklist will also facilitate statistical pooling and interpretation of HIVDR data.

Heather K. Amato, Fernanda Loayza, Liseth Salinas, Diana Paredes, Daniela García, Soledad Sarzosa, Carlos Saraiva-Garcia, Timothy J. Johnson, Amy J. Pickering, Lee W. Riley, Gabriel Trueba & Jay P. Graham

Tori Kinamon, Ramya Gopinath, Ursula Waack, Mark Needles, Daniel Rubin, Deborah Collyar, Sarah B Doernberg, Scott Evans, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Thomas L Holland, Jessica Howard-Anderson, Henry Chambers, Vance G Fowler, Jr, Sumati Nambiar, Peter Kim, Helen W Boucher

Roberto C Molina-Quiroz, Cecilia A Silva-Valenzuela,

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. These viruses were discovered a century ago and have been used as a model system in microbial genetics and molecular biology. In order to survive, bacteria have to quickly adapt to phage challenges in their natural settings. In turn, phages continuously develop/evolve mechanisms for battling host defenses. A deeper understanding of the arms race between bacteria and phages is essential for the rational design of phage-based prophylaxis and therapies to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Vibrio species and their phages (vibriophages) are a suitable model to study these interactions. Phages are highly ubiquitous in aquatic environments and Vibrio are waterborne bacteria that must survive the constant attack by phages for successful transmission to their hosts. Here, we review relevant literature from the past two years to delve into the molecular interactions of Vibrio species and their phages in aquatic niches.

Awareness of prescribing practices helps identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use (AU).

Sylwia A. Stopka, Daniela Ruiz, Gerard Baquer, Clément Bodineau, Md Amin Hossain, Valentina T. Pellens, Michael S. Regan, Olivier Pourquié, Marcia C. Haigis, Wenya L. Bi, Shannon M. Coy, Sandro Santagata, Nathalie Y. R. Agar, and Sankha S. Basu

Michael W Dunne, Steven I Aronin, Anita F Das, Jayanti Gupta, Karthik Akinapelli, Michael T Zelasky, Sailaja Puttagunta, Helen W Boucher

Erica R Fuhrmeister, Abigail P Harvey, Maya L Nadimpalli, Karin Gallandat, Argaw Ambelu, Benjamin F Arnold, Joe Brown, Oliver Cumming, Ashlee M Earl, Gagandeep Kang, Samuel Kariuki, Karen Levy, Chris E Pinto Jimenez, Jenna M Swarthout, Gabriel Trueba, Pablo Tsukayama, Colin J Worby, Amy J Pickering

Bart R Szewczyk, Rebecca Tenner, Emily Grussing, Maureen Campion, Gabriela Andujar Vazquez, Tara Bylsma, Shira Doron, Alysse G Wurcel

Nhi Van, Yonatan N. Degefu, Pathricia A. Leus, Jonah Larkins-Ford, Jacob Klickstein, Florian P. Maurer, David Stone, Husain Poonawala, Cheleste M. Thorpe, Trever C. Smith II, Bree B. Aldridge